Viral Vectors

Non-Viral Vectors

Characteristic

•  Can express multiples antigens

•  Induces strong immune responses

•  Potential reversion of the virus to its wild type form

•  Risk of integration of the transgene in the host’s genome

Chemical

Physical

Biological

Liposomes

Electroporation

Gene Gun

Bacteria

•  Synthetic vesicles of phospholipids bilayers containing DNA vaccine plasmids

•  Very safe system

•  Electric field pulse into the tissue so that it captures the DNA vaccine by means of transient pores in cells

•  Rapid, simple and efficient method

•  The cell membrane can be irreparably damaged with high voltages

•  Delivery of gold microparticles coated with DNA vaccine plasmids

•  Small amounts of DNA are necessary

•  High antibody production

•  Suboptimal transfection efficiency

•  Tissue damage from pressure

•  blast

•  Internalization of bacteria harboring the vaccine vector by target cells

•  Cell factories for large DNA plasmid production

•  Protect the DNA from degradation by nucleases

•  Amplification steps and purification of plasmid are not required, thereby reducing costs

•  Potential risk of chromosomal integration

•  Limited by their inefficiency

•  Potential induction of tolerance to the immunizing antigen